dewey



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

M. W. DEWEY.

METHOD OF EXPANDING HOOPS 0R TIRES.

Patented Apr. 30, 1889.

ATTORNEYS (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. M. W. DEWEY.

METHOD OF EXPANDING HOOPS 0R TIRES. No. 402,416. Patented Apr. 30, 1889.

N, PETERS. Phnlu-Lvlhegmpher. Wuslvmghm. n. c,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEO MARK \Y. DElYEY, Ol S Y ti \C USE, RUDY YORK, i-XSSIGNOR, l-i'Y DIREC" AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE I)E\VEY CORPORATION, OF SAIJE llh-XCE.

METHOD OF EXPANDING HOOPS OR TIRES.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 402,416, dated April 30, 1889.

Application filezl February 11, 1889, $erial No. 299,401.. (No model.)

To all 1.071 07) it 12mg concern: tire alone forms the circuit. for the heatinglie it known that i, MARK \V. DEWEY, of current. Fig. '7 is a section. on line ofFig. Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, in the t5, and Figs. a and. a are modifications of the 5 State of New York, have invented new and 5 devices shown in lrigs. t3 and 7.

5 useful Improvements in the Method of Ex- Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 specifically, A panding ll'oops or Tires, o'tf which the folin, Fig.1 represents an alternating current lowing, taken in connection with the aceom generator; A, the circuit leading therefrom, panying drawings, a full, clear, and exact including an adjustable resistance, l3, to reg- 6o description. nlatte the strength of the current: in the coil My invention relates to a method or process wound around an annular iron core, L. of temporarily expanding metallic hoops or The coil (Won the same core is the coil of the tires preparatory to applying the same to a secondary circuit through which the heatingbody to be encompassed and bound thereby. current flows. The primary circuit A is 6- The objeetsof my invention aretoprovide a formed. of smallwire, and the coil Chasmany r rapid and reliable method of heating evenly convolutions. The secondary coil (1 is of and toany desired temperature metallichoops large wire or cable and has but a few convoor tires and thereby expanding the same; lutions. Theeore t,withits coils ofsmalland aml to that end my invention consists, essenlarge wires C and C, tonstitute an indue- 7o tially, in the method of expanding hoops or tional transformer usually employed to contires by subjecting the same to an electric vert high-tension currents of small quantity current of large volume circulating uniformly into low-tension currents of great quantity to within the entire circumference thereof. The produce a great heating effect. heating-eurrent may bogeuerated, conducted, The terminals of the sectnniary coil are conand. regulated, and, when necessary, trans nccted by flexible low-r-esistance conductors formed, by any suitable means known in the c with movable and adjustable clamps i) and art or by electricians. D, of very good conducting material. These iiy the ordinarymethod of expandinghoops clamps i) and D are attached to the tire and or tires by heat from. the eomlmstion of fuel are adapted to hold the hoop or tire T so as So the said hoops or tires are seldom heated to make good electric contact with the same 0 evenly,but in several places around the same, at two points equidistantly apart in the cirand often each place separately; or, when cumt'ereuce of the tire, so that the resistance heated in a furnace, sometimes only one side of said tire will be equally divided between of the tire will. be heated, which causes the the two clamps to form two paths for the cursame to warp and twist, which is a great ob rents. The object, of thus equally distributjection. When the tire or hoop cannot; be ing the clamps on the hoop or tire is to heat heated evenly, it is necessary to heat some the same uniformly througlmuti its circumparts thereof excessively in order to sul'iiference, for if the clamps were applital to the ciently expand the same, and consequently tire so that a short portion of the same was 0 the metal is apt tobeburned and its strength, between the clamps on one side and a long 4.0 hardness, and durability impaired. The old portion on. the other side, and if the t ire were methods are also Ol)jOOtlOllitlilP, because they of a uniform size in coasts-section thrtmghout, are slow and tedious. a greater part of the current would pass In the accompanying drawingsdfigure .l. is through the short portion on account of its 5 a plan view taken below the line 11' n of Fig. small resistance compared to the long portion,

2, showing an apparatus with a source of elecand consequently would heat the short portricity connected thereto for carrying out my tion more than the longportion in proportion invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal to the difference of resistance in the two'porsection on line .r a; of Fig. 1. Fig. 53 shows a tious of the tire. If a small difference of 're- 100 plan of another form of the apparatus; Fig. i, sistance ex is between the we ptn'tions,how-

a section of the same on line 11/ y. Fig. 5 illusever, the diff erence oi heat; in the two parts trates a plan of another form. Fig. U is aplau may be nearly impercept ible and immaterial. view of an expamling apparatus, in which the E i a table or base cmfered partly with when clamped.

suitable non-conducting material, e-suchas asbestus or fire-clay-upon which the tire lies This insulation is unnecessary, of course, when the clamps or contacts sustain the tire T slightly above the base E, allowing an air-space between said tire and base. The clamps are insulated from each other and movable toward and from each other in slots or guides a and a in the base. One of the clamps, D, is backed by a spring, I), which yieldingly sustains it in its position. The other clamp, D, is adapted to be moved a considerable distance by a screw, F, to permit tires of diiferent diameters to be placed between the clamps.

The operation of this apparatus is as follows: The clamp D having been separated far enough from the clamp I) by turning the screw F by means of the crank F to permit the the T to be placed between the clamps, the contacts d and d of said clamps are screwed down upon the edges of the tire to make good electric Contact. Then the primary. circuit is closed and regulated by moving the switch of the adjustable resistance B. When the tire is sufficiently heated, the said switch may be opened to break the circuit, or allowed to remain closed, and the secondary circuit broken by loosening or unscrewing the contacts or by a suitable circuit maker and breaker (not shown) in either the primary or secondary circuit. Then the tire is removed and the apparatusis in position to receive another tire of the same size; but if the next tire is of a different size the clamp D may be readily moved in either direction, according to the size of the tire, by means of the screw F, as before.

The apparatus shown in Figs. 3 and at is similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, except that in place of movable clamps D and D stationary contact-springs G and G are employed, upon which the tire T is laid, the weight of the tire upon the springs being sufficient to make good contact between the parts. This form is specially adapted for very rapid work, as it is only necessary to lay the tire upon the spring-contacts, as shown in the figures, and to remove the same when sufficiently heated without having to move or adjust clamps of any sort. ff are ribs of suitable insulation, holding the said tire slightly above the table E in addition to the insulation e, or the latter may be dispensed with. The terminals of the secondary coil C" may be directly connected to the stationary springs G and G without employing the flexible conductors c c.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 5 is also similar to that shown in Fig. 1. In this case, however, one of the clamps or clamp-blocks, D, is'stationary and the other, D, is movable. The contacts d and cl of the clamps are springs which bear on the periphery of the tire when in position between the clamps, and the clamp D is moved toward theother clamp by means of the screw F. The spring-contacts are flexible enough to permit the expansion of the tire, make good contact with the same, and are adapted for rapid work. In Figs. 6 and 7 the primary coil C ofthe transformer is made as large as the tire, or large enough to form a bed to support various sizes of tires. Suit-- able insulating and heat-non-conducting ma terial, h, such as hereinbefore mentioned, is interposed between the coil 0' and tire T, which latter forms the secondary coil 0. Said insulation is employed for the purpose of preventing the heat of the tire from burning the insulation around the wire of the coil 0 when it is of fusible material. As the tire alone forms the secondary circuit, the heatingcurrent circulates only in said tire, and the other parts forming the secondary circuit in the other apparatuses are dispensed with, an d the apparatus is thus greatly simplified. The heat in the tire may be controlled by suitable controlling devices in the primary circuit A or by varying the distance between the tire to be heated and the primary coil by any suitable means.

Figs. 8 and 9 show modications of the apparatus shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the only difference being that the primary coil O,

instead of being entirely underneath the tire, is in this case divided, one part being placed within the tire and the other around on the outside thereof. Similar insulation is provided to protect the insulation around the wire of the coil, as before mentioned, and the current or heat in the tire is regulated in the same manner. The contraction of the hoop or tire after being expanded maybe hastened by the application of cold air, water, or other suitable cooling agencies.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. As a preliminary step in the process of setting hoops or tires, the within-described method of expanding said hoops or tires, consisting in suitably insulating the same and then subjecting the hoops or tires to the heating effect of an electric current, as set forth.

2. The method of heating hoops or tires, consisting in bringing in contact therewith at points diametrically opposite each other the terminals of a low-resistancesupply-conductor and passing an electric current of large volume through said conductor and hoop or tire, substantially as set forth.

3. The method of expanding a hoop or tire preparatory to setting the same, consisting in circulating uniformly or substantially uniformly within the entire circumference thereof an electric current of large volume, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 8th day of February, 1889.

MARK W. DEWEY. [L. s.]

WVitnesses:

O. H. DUELL, A. F. Dana I co 

